Abstract A decade after the publication of The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Brookings Institution Press, 1998), one remains both impressed by the achievements of environmental justice advocacy and aware of its significant limitations. EJ advocacy has succeeded remarkably well both as an agenda-setting rhetorical platform and as a tool for effective mobilization in site-level disputes. But for a variety of reasons it has fared less well in gaining strong leverage over broader challenges of health, economic justice, and environmental reform. This state of affairs appears unlikely to change.